What is the purpose of a cutting fluid in machining operations?

The purpose of cutting fluid in machining operations is primarily to cool the tool and the workpiece. When cutting metals, significant heat is generated due to friction between the cutting tool and the material being machined. This heat can adversely affect both tool life and the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. Cutting fluids help regulate the temperature by dissipating heat away from the cutting area, allowing for improved tool performance and longevity.

Additionally, cutting fluids can improve the cutting process by reducing friction, which can also lead to improved surface finishes on the machined part. They may also help to remove chips and debris from the cutting area, further enhancing machining efficiency. While there are various other functions that fluids can serve, such as lubrication or chip evacuation, the core purpose in this context is primarily focused on cooling.