Which fabrication method uses deformation to produce parts from metal?

The fabrication method that utilizes deformation to produce parts from metal is metal fabrication. This process involves shaping metal through various techniques such as bending, stretching, compressing, or shearing, which alter the physical form of the metal without changing its material properties significantly. Techniques such as forging, rolling, and stamping fall under this category, as they rely on force to change the shape of the metal.

In contrast, casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold where it solidifies, which does not involve deformation in the same manner. Electrolysis, primarily a chemical process, focuses on separating materials using electric current, not on physical manipulation. Lastly, 3D printing does not typically involve traditional deformation processes; instead, it builds parts layer by layer, often from powdered materials or liquid resins. Therefore, metal fabrication is correctly identified as the method that employs deformation for part production.